Earth

Moon

Sun

E1 Earth rotates on its axis.

E2 Earth rotates in a counterclockwise (as viewed from the NP) direction

E3 Earth orbits the Sun

M1 Moon rotates on its axis.

M2 Moon rotates once for every one orbit of Earth.

M3 Moon orbits Earth.

M4 Moon orbits and rotates in counterclockwise direction.

S1 Sun stays stationary relative to the Earth and Moon.

Earth

Moon

Sun

E4 Earth is tilted on its axis.

M5 Orbital plane of Moon is tilted relative to the plane of the Earth/Sun orbit.

S2 Sun provides illumination for other objects.

PHENOMENON

COMPONENTS OF EMS MODEL*

Earth experiences Day and Night.

E1, S1, S2

Sun rises in the East and sets in the West.

E2, S1, S2

The same side of the Moon always faces Earth.

M2, M4, S2

The Moon rises in the East and sets in the West.

E2, S1, S2

The Moon rises about an hour later each day/night.

E2, M4, S1, S2

All sides of the Moon receive light from the Sun.

M1, S1, S2

A series of phases of the Moon is visible from Earth.

M3, M4, S1, S2

Solar and lunar eclipses occur roughly twice per year.

E3, M3, S1, S2, M5

Earth experiences seasons.

E3, E4, S1, S2